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Carbon Backfill of MMO Anode in Impressed Current Cathodic Protection For nearly all underground installations, a special carbon backfill, referred to in the industry as coke breeze, is provided in the anode hole or well. This special backfill can lower anode ground bed resistance, and resulting in lower rectifier design voltages and reduced probability of stray current interference. It also improves current distribution along the anode since the backfill will provide a generally uniform environment to avoid premature anode fail

 What Factors Affect the Service Life of MMO Anode? Mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated titanium anodes comprise a family of electrodes made from commercially pure titanium to which an electrocatalytic layer is applied by thermal decomposition. The electrocatalytic layers are composed of a mixture of noble and valve metal oxides, the selection of which and their ratio is dictated by the electrolyte conditions in which the anode is immersed. The service life of MMO coated titanium anode range from about 3 years to 70 years. How c

High Performance and Drawback of Pbo2 Anodes in Wastewater Treatment The development of PbO2 anodes for the oxidation of organics has gained great interest in recent years because of their good conductivity and large overpotential for oxygen evolution in acidic media, which enable the production of hydroxyl radicals during water discharge. PbO2 as itself has been used in the electrochemical treatment of wastewater and also in its doped form. On adding suitable dopant, PbO 2 exhibits exceptional electrochemical properties. Ni, Bi

Electrooxidation, Electrocoagulation, and Electro Fenton Method for Wastewater Treatment Electrooxidation (EO), electrocoagulation(EG) and electro-Fentonare(EF) are widely used electrochemical technologies. They are known as high efficiency, effective, eco-friendly, and cost-effective processes for the treatment of organic pollutants and it yields a very effective reduction result. What are the differences between these different electrochemical processes?   Electrooxidation In the electrooxidation process, pollutants