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The Problems of Lead Alloys(Pb-Ag Anode) in the Electrowinning of Zinc The electrolytic production of zinc is normally operated at a higher (than copper) current density of about 500 A m-2. The Pb-Ca-Sn anodes are not suitable for use at this high current as it will lead to high energy consumption. Tin cannot be used as an alloying element because it will dissolve into the electrolyte and reduce the cathode current efficiency in addition to contaminating the cathode zinc. Instead, lead alloys containing 0.45 to 1% silver (Pb-Ag

 How Pb-Ca-Sn Anodes Are Used in the Electrowinning of Copper? The classical anode used in copper electrowinning is lead alloyed with 6-10% antimony (Pb-Sb anode). Antimony in lead alloys offers advantages of improved mechanical properties, uniform grain structures, and ease in conventional casting. However, the inadequate electrochemical and corrosion properties are a disadvantage of Pb-Sb anodes. A reduction in the antimony content of the alloys decreases the mechanical properties markedly. On the other hand, increasing the

How Lead Base Anode is Used in the Electrowinning Process? Electrowinning is the most energy-intensive process. The cost of electrical energy for electrowinning can constitute up to 80% of the total energy cost of recovering metals from concentrates. Furthermore, electrowinning is also the most crucial stage in the process in relation to the quality of the final product. In electrowinning, the most significant contribution to the overall energy consumption is directly connected to the processes at the anodes, where the current o

Electrochemical Principles of Electrorefining and Electrowinning In electrolytic refining, the plates of crude metal are anodically dissolved in a suitable electrolyte, while "pure" metal is deposited on the adjacent cathodes. A process closely related to electrorefining is electrowinning with insoluble anodes. In this process, the metal is dissolved chemically, e.g., by leaching calcined ore, etc. The pure metal is then "electrowon" using insoluble anodes, e.g., lead anodes, producing oxygen: 2H2 0 -+ O2 + 4H+