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How Impressed Current Anodes Are Used for Immersed Concrete Structures? Both Galvanic anodes and Impressed current anodes are applied for immersed concrete structure cathodic protections. However, there are some differences between these two types of anodes. Galvanic Anodes Galvanic anodes for immersed structures will normally be slender stand-off or hull-mounted type anodes and will normally be installed by direct welding of the anode steel core to the embedded steel. This will require breakout of the concrete to expose embedd

How Activated Titanium Anodes Are Used in Concrete Structures for Cathodic Protection? Activated titanium anodes, coated with mixed metal oxides, for use embedded into new concrete structures or applied to existing structures cathodic protection. Applications include anodes within overlays, cast into slots or drilled holes or fixed to the surface under GRP casings. In the appropriate form, these anodes can be embedded in new concrete that is then buried or immersed, as well as the more common applications to atmospherically exposed

What is the Principle of Cathodic Protection for Steel in Buried or Immersed Concrete Structures? Cathodic protection for steel in buried or immersed concrete follows the same basic principles as for atmospherically exposed concrete. The principle difference is that the concrete is likely to become water saturated, which will result in reduction in oxygen content at the steel surface under normal exposure conditions, which will be accelerated under the application of cathodic protection. Where oxygen depletion occurs, the potential

Principles of Cathodic Protection and Its Application to Steel in Concrete Steel in concrete is usually protected against corrosion by passivation of the steel arising from the high alkalinity of the pore solutions within the concrete. A stable oxide layer is formed on the steel surface which prevents the anodic dissolution of iron. The necessity for additional protective measures arises if this stable oxide layer is rendered unstable (if depassivation occurs) due to the ingress of chlorides to the steel/concrete interface or carbo