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DSA Titanium Anode and Lead Anode, Which is Better for Copper Electrowinning? The traditional anodes of choice in the electrowinning industry have been lead based anodes. However, these anodes display high energy consumption and low corrosion resistance during operation. These problems led to the investigation of other anode materials such as dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs), consisting of mixed metal oxide coatings on titanium substrates. In electrowinning tests, copper deposits from the lead anode cell showed the p

Comparison of Lead Alloy Anode and DSA Titanium Anodes in Metal Electrowinning Lead alloys are not dimensionally stable, since they slowly dissolve in electrolytes, leading to problems such as changes in the gap between the anode and cathode and product contamination by lead. Dimensionally stable anodes have brought considerable improvements to the field of electrowinning which includes: (i) lower half-cell potential, (ii) use of higher current densities, (iii) lower gas bubble effect through special anode de

Why Lead anodes is used in electrowinning? Electrowinning anodes are almost always cold rolled lead-tin-calcium (Pb-Sn-Ca) alloys containing about 98.4% lead (oxygen scavenged prior to alloying), 1.5% tin and 0.1% calcium. Tin provides corrosion resistance and corrosion layer conductivity while calcium and cold rolling add strength. This Pb-SnCa blades are soldered onto slotted copper hanger bars for support in the electrolytic cells. Lead is then electrodeposited around the joints to protect them from corrosion. The Pb-

How Current Density Affect the Cathode Deposit in Copper Electrowinning? In the copper electrowinning process, the copper plating rate increases with increasing current density. However, excessive current density gives rough, nodular cathode deposits and decreased copper purity. Therefore, each plant chooses its current density as a balance between these opposing factors. Maximizing current efficiency Current efficiencies in modern electrowinning plants maybe around 90 %. The unused current is wasted by: (a) anode/cathode shor