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What is the Purpose of Counter Electrodes in Electrochemical Reaction? Most electrochemical methods involve the use of three electrodes; namely the working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE), and the counter electrode (CE) which is also called the secondary or auxiliary electrode. The three electrodes are connected to a potentiostat /galvanostat, which is an instrument that can perform both controlled potential (potentiostatic) and controlled current (galvanostatic) experiments. The potential drop near the other current-carry

What Factors Affect the Lifespan of A Water Heater? The local water quality is one of the factors that contribute most significantly to the performance and longevity of water heaters. Specifically, highly alkaline water will lead to the accumulation of scale, which will impact the efficiency of tankless and gas storage water heaters and can lead to decreased water hater life. Conversely, soft water increases the risk of corrosion, which can decrease equipment life by more than half if not properly mitigated. Increasing the lifetime

How Do Anode Rods Work in a Water Heater? According to electrochemical principles, when two different metals are immersed in water the active one will corrode away to protect the less active metal. The anode rod is made from metal with a more active voltage and higher electrochemical potential than the metal of the tank, which is typically made from steel. This means the anode rod’s metal will give up electrons and corrode before the tougher steel metal of the tank will. As this lesser metal corrodes, electrons are distribute

When to Replace the Anode Rod in A Water Heater? All water heaters have solid rods, usually in magnesium, aluminum, or zinc material suspended in the tank. This kind of sacrificial anode rod is to keep the steel tank away from corrosion. The working principle is simple. When two metals are in contact in a water solution, the more reactive metal will corrode completely before the less active metal begins to rust. Since magnesium, aluminum, and zinc anode are far more reactive compared to the steel in the water heater tank so that th