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The Coating Adhesion of Lead Dioxide Anode on Titanium Substrate Titanium is the usual substrate for lead dioxide anode. Adhesion of the PbO2 coating to titanium is, however, a problem. Certainly, the titanium, usually in the form of a plate or expanded metal mesh, must be pretreated before the anodic plating process in order to remove the existing TiO2 scale from the surface and roughen the surface and prevent passivation. This pretreatment commonly involves, first sandblasting, then an alkaline degrease followed by etching in hea

What Anodes are Used for Hard Chrome Plating? Traditional anode for hard chrome plating is made of special lead alloys. Pure lead anodes are attacked by the solution and cause the formation of excessive amounts of lead chromate sludge. A typical alloy is a lead-tin alloy. When the length and weight of the anode is a problem, anodes are usually lead antimony. Tin-lead anodes have better conductivity and last longer, but antimony-lead anodes are more rigid. Anodes used in high fluoride baths should use the tin-lead alloy, as antim

Differences between Vertical and Horizontal Electroplating Vertical and horizontal plating systems have distinctly different distribution problems. With the vertical process, racking is simple for short or medium-length parts; tank loading is rapid and hydrogen bubbles are quickly released. The vertical system is suited for inside plating because particles suspended in the solution do not readily adhere to vertical surfaces; hydrogen escapes easily from vertical slots, grooves, keyways, and flutes. Neither the anode nor cathode is

Why Auxiliary Anodes are Used in the Electroplating Process? It is difficult to obtain a coating having a uniform thickness in the electroplating industry. The problem of non-uniformity in coating thickness is especially apparent when the object being coated has recessed areas. These recessed areas receive less current and, therefore, obtain a lesser deposit of metal from the plating solution. Each plating solution has its peculiarities in the degree, the irregularity of the surface of the object being coated will affect the uni